Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Obesity Caused by High-Fat Diet: Investigating Genes and Epigenetic Regulation Linked to Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in MiceSS

T. KRANTHI KUMAR AND M. K. SHARMA

» doi: http://https://ijpsl.co.in//.2021.v11.i04.pp01-23

Abstract

To combat obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD), this research examined the effects of treating mice with fish oil (FO), specifically FO supplemented with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Understanding how FO affects white adipose tissue (WAT) epigenetic alterations and how adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are involved was the primary goal of the study. After 16 weeks on one diet or the other, C57BL/6j mice were split into two groups: control and high-fat diet. Subdividing the HFD group into HFD and HFD + FO (treated with FO) occurred over the final 8 weeks. Isolated, cultured, and treated with leptin ASCs were prepared, while WAT was excised for RNA and protein extraction. Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and PCR- array were some of the functional genomics methods used to examine each sample. After a high-fat diet (HFD), mice gained weight, stored more fat, and showed changes in gene expression linked to inflammation and malfunction in the white adipose tissue (WAT). FO supplementation reduced these effects, suggesting a possible preventive function against obesity caused by the HFD. Histone modifications caused by HFD were partly undone by FO therapy, according to H3K27 analysis. In WAT, where leptin levels are high due to obesity, this research dug more into leptin signaling in ASCs, revealing a possible pathway for ASC malfunction. In sum, taking FO supplements effectively reduced HFD-induced obesity, altered molecular and epigenetic pathways, and clarified the involvement of ASCs and leptin signaling in obesity-related WAT dysfunction.