Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oils and Seed Extracts of Anethum graveolens from Southern Morocco: In Vitro andIn Silico Approach for a Natural Alternative to Synthetic Preservatives

Dr. MOHD YUNOOS, Mrs. VENKATA KUMARI MUDIGONDA, Mr. M PRAVEEN

» doi: http://https://ijpsl.co.in//.2023.v13.i03.pp01-44

Abstract

The fragrant herb Anethum graveolens has a long history of medicinal usage, particularly as an antispasmodic and carminative. Essential oils and seed extracts collected in Errachidia, southern Morocco, will have their chemical compositions examined in this research. We will also test these oils and extracts for antibacterial and anti-oxidant capabilities. According to the GC-MS results, the primary components of the hydrodistillation-isolated EO were E-anethole (38.13%), es-tragole (29.32%), fenchone (17.21%), and ?-pinene (7.37%). Using decoction and Soxhlet extraction techniques, the phenolic components were removed. Different extracts of A. graveolens had varying concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins, according to the phenolic compound test. The decoction was subjected to HPLC/UV-ESI-MS tests, which revealed a wide range of molecular structures. Among these, the most significant ones were 12.35% umbelliferone, 11.23% 3-hydroxyflavone, 8.95% rosmanol, 8.36% bi-otin, 4.91% emmotin H, and 4.21% coumarin. The antioxidant activity, as measured by three methods (DPPH•, FRAP, and CAT), showed that the extracts and essential oils (EOs) could effectively fight harmful free radicals, regulate the production of reactive oxygen species, and reduce oxidative damage.